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Biological control is an environmentally friendly method of pest control that uses living organisms to reduce the population of pests. For example, ladybirds can be released into a garden to reduce the population of aphids, while nematodes can be used in soil beds to suppress infestations by larvae (of the pests). By using natural predators or parasites, this form of pest control offers targeted and sustainable solutions for those seeking environmentally conscious strategies to preserve their properties and crops. 

For a healthy and environmentally friendly approach to pest control, natural methods are the way to go. To control pests on urban trees without using chemicals, targeted and sustainable methods are needed that protect the health of the trees and the environment alike. Various biological and natural methods for direct pest control of trees are listed in this article. Among other things, various oils, natural predators, certain substrates and additional mechanical measures such as barriers can be used.
 

Natural Pest Control and Chemical Methods: Understanding the Difference

Natural pest control methods rely on organic substances derived from plants or other living organisms, while chemical pest control uses synthetic compounds. Natural pest control focuses on environmentally friendly solutions, while chemical pest control often uses harsh chemicals to achieve immediate results.

When comparing natural and chemical methods, it is important to consider not only the impact on the pests, but also on the environment. While natural methods are safer for beneficial insects and wildlife, chemical pesticides can have long-term impacts on ecosystems.

Natural pest control:

• Environmentally friendly: Using natural ingredients puts less strain on the environment.
• Safe for beneficial insects: Helps maintain populations of beneficial insects such as bees.
• Reduced resistance: Pests are less likely to develop resistance over time. 

While natural methods are beneficial in many ways, they may require more frequent applications and may be slower to produce visible results compared to chemical alternatives, so some patience is required.

Excursus: Chemical pest control:

• Immediate results: Chemical pesticides work quickly against pests.
• Longer lasting effect: They can provide longer protection against pest infestation.
• Highly effective against specific pests: Some chemicals work precisely against certain pests.

However, the use of chemical pesticides is not without "side effects" in terms of the potential harm to beneficial/non-harmful organisms that are not the target but are also killed in the process, the contamination of water sources and the development of pesticide-resistant pest populations over time.

Which natural and environmentally friendly methods have proven effective?

Essential oils

Nature has given us the perfect solution to pesky pests: essential oils! Peppermint, lavender and eucalyptus are all effective insect repellents. All you need is a spray bottle of water mixed with these natural scents and voilà - you have an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides that will keep bugs away without harming anyone or anything else. Essential oils work by masking your surroundings with their strong aroma; no insect can stand that! 

Neem oil

Neem oil is an organic, non-toxic solution derived from the neem tree that can help control pesky pests like aphids, spider mites and whiteflies. For quick and easy application, simply mix some neem oil with water in a spray bottle and spray it on the areas where these insects have been spotted.

kieselguhr

If you are looking for a simple but effective natural solution to pest control, look no further than diatomaceous earth. This powder is made from the fossilized remains of ancient aquatic organisms and is harmless to humans and animals, but deadly to pests, which die after coming into contact with this drying substrate. Use it both indoors and on trees to keep the area around the tree ring pest-free in a simple but successful way. 

Companion plants with plants

To naturally repel pests, planting flowering shrubs and flowers is an effective solution. By strategically planting certain plants next to each other, you can create a protective shield against unwanted pests in your garden. Marigolds have proven to be one of the most reliable companions for vegetable gardens - they are known to be able to repel nematodes and aphids. Not only do they reduce pest infestations, but they also promote healthy plant growth and development. Lavender is also effective; it attracts bees and beneficial insects, which as a side effect keep unwanted pests at bay.

Beneficial nematodes (roundworms)

Beneficial nematodes are microscopic worms that can be used to control grubs, Japanese beetles, and other pests. To use beneficial nematodes, you can add them to the soil according to the manufacturer's instructions.

The nematodes are usually mixed with water. You then pour this onto the affected areas in your garden or on the tree trunk.

For best results, it is often recommended to apply in late summer or early fall when the pests are still active. Also, make sure the nematodes receive enough moisture to stay alive during and shortly after application.

plant extracts

The use of prepared plant extracts offers a gentle and simple method of application. For example, nettle manure has a deterrent effect on numerous pests, especially aphids. The manure also strengthens the tree's defenses. The plant can be sprayed with the manure or watered onto the top layer of soil.
To ward off pests, garlic broth can also be sprayed onto the leaves. The distinctive scent keeps numerous insects away.

Mechanical measures in the form of barriers 

Physical barriers can also be helpful in certain circumstances, especially for urban trees. Glue rings are attached directly to the tree trunk to prevent ants or caterpillars or other crawling pests from entering the crown. Ants often harvest aphids to protect them, so it is important to keep them away. In addition, tree bark screens help prevent certain insects, such as bark beetles, from penetrating the bark and causing damage.

sticky traps

These traps contain a glue that catches pests without the need for harsh chemicals or pesticides. Simply place these traps in areas where pests have been spotted and watch them get stuck once they come into contact with the glue. This method is especially recommended for plants and trees at home. 

It is important to regularly monitor your trees for signs of pest infestation. Early detection allows you to use the methods mentioned before a serious infestation occurs.

These measures can be used to effectively combat pests on trees without harming the environment. In order to strengthen the natural resilience of the trees, a combination of several methods and good care of the trees is recommended.